Melhoria da germinação
• Aumento do número de plantas/ha pela diminuição da formação de uma crosta superficail. Os híbridos modernos de milho são semeados a altas densifades seguindo as especificaçãos dos produtores de sementes. Uma perda significativa de plantas 7ha em germinação limitará de forma irreversível o potencial produtivo do terreno.
• Aumento da actividade das células germinativas em sementes, garantindo uma alta porcentagem de germinação e um bom desenvolvimento radicular.
• Aumento da disponibilidade de nutrientes. Os tons violetas habituais das plântulas em sementeiras temporãs são um sintoma de falta de fósforo por retrogradação.
Otimização do desenvolvimento da cultura.
• Ótimas condições para o desenvolvimento radicular, com a criação de uma estrutura granular no solo, evitando a compactação e axfixia radicular.
• Diminuição do stress hídrico, através do aumento da Capacidade de Retenção da Água Disponível (CRAD) do solo. Factor crítico durante a floração, momento no qual o stress hídrico pode causar grandes perdas de produção.
• Desenvolvimento equilibrado das partes aéreas da planta pela combinação de um meio físicio e químico apropriado, manifestando o seu máximo potencial produtivo. As planta dispõem de um solo bem estruturado juntamente com os nutrientes e água necessários. Este efeito consegue-se sem os incovenientes de um adubo nitrogenado excessivo, tal como a queda da planta ou espiga devido a um crescimento desiquilibrado da parte aérea.
• Diminuição do stress por salinidade. Mediante o aumento do osmolito Prolina, evita-se a desidratação da célula e a degradação da
membrana celular.
Aumento da rentabilidade da cultura
• Minimização da percolação profunda da água de irrigação. Nos sistemas de irrigação pressurizada, o custo energético da rega é um dos gastos principais das culturas. A minimização das perdas de água aumenta a rentabilidade da cultura e tambén a produção.
• Diminuição da lixiviação de nutrientes mediante duas vías de ação. O aumento da Capacidade de Intercambio Catiónico (CIC) do solo multiplica a capacidade de retenção de catiões nutritivos durante a fase sólida do solo. A maior capacidade de retenção de água aumenta os nutrientes dissolvidos na solução do solo, que podem ser armazenados pelo solo. É fundamental que o ião nitrato esteja sempre em dissolução, nunca podendo juntar-se à fase sólida do solo. Deste modo, qualquer quantidade de água percolada em profundidade após a aplicação de nitrato irá arrastar para longe das raízes, este fertelizante tão habitual na cultura do milho.
Aumento da produção
• O ótimo crescimento da cultura pelas favoráveis condições físicas e químicas do solo implica aumentos na produção sem aumentar os gastos de cultura.
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