Mejora de la nascencia
• Aumento del número de plantas/ha por disminución de la formación de costra superficial. Los modernos híbridos de maíz se siembran a altas densidades siguiendo las especificaciones de los productores de semillas. Una pérdida significativa de plantas 7ha en nascencia limitará de forma irreversible el potencial productivo de la parcela.
• Incremento de la actividad de las células germinativas en semillas, asegurando un alto porcentaje de nascencia y un buen desarrollo radicular.
• Aumento de disponibilidad de nutrientes. Los habituales tonos violetas de las plántulas en siembras tempranas son síntoma de carencia de fósforo por retrogradación.
Optimización del desarrollo del cultivo
• Óptimas condiciones para el desarrollo radicular, por la generación de estructura granular en el suelo, evitando la compactación y asfixia radicular.
• Disminución del estrés hídrico, mediante el aumento de la Capacidad de Retención de Agua Disponible (CRAD) del suelo. Factor crítico en floración, momento en el cual el estrés hídrico puede causar grandes pérdidas de producción.
• Equilibrado desarrollo de las partes aéreas de la planta por combinación de un medio físico y químico adecuado, expresando su máximo potencial productivo. Las plantas disponen de un suelo bien estructurado junto con los nutrientes y agua necesarios. Se consigue este efecto sin los inconvenientes de un abonado nitrogenado excesivo, como pueden ser la caída de planta o mazorca por un desarrollo desequilibrado de la parte aérea.
• Disminución del estrés por salinidad. Mediante el aumento del osmolito Prolina, se evita la deshidratación de la célula y la degradación de la membrana celular.
Aumento de la rentabilidad del cultivo
• Minimización de la percolación profunda de agua de riego. En riegos presurizados, el coste energético del agua de riego es uno de los mayores costes del cultivo. La minimización de las perdidas de agua aumenta la rentabilidad del cultivo además de aumentar la producción.
• Disminución de lixiviado de nutrientes mediante dos vías de acción. El aumento de la Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico (CIC) del suelo multiplica la capacidad de retención de cationes nutritivos por la fase sólida del suelo. La mayor capacidad de retención de agua, aumenta los nutrientes disueltos en la solución del suelo que pueden ser almacenados por el suelo. Es de especial importancia, el hecho de que el ion nitrato siempre se encuentre en disolución, no uniéndose nunca a la fase sólida del suelo. De esta forma, cualquier cantidad de agua percolada en profundidad tras la aplicación de nitrato, arrastrará lejos del alcance de las raíces este fertilizante tan habitual en el cultivo del maíz.
Aumento de la producción
• El óptimo desarrollo del cultivo por las favorables condiciones físicas y químicas del suelo conllevan aumentos productivos sin aumentar los gastos de cultivo.
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