Leofertilisers created by FORGASA are the rational, efficient and sustainable solution to help farmers care for soil and crops.
The only Leonardite deposits in Europe are in Cuencas Mineras, Teruel, where FORGASA– Samca Group has exclusive exploitation rights.
LEOFERTILISERS ® ARE
CAPABLE OF REGENERATING THE
SOIL AND PLANTS
A single product consisting of uniform, spherical granules.
ONLY FORGASA COULD HAVE DONE IT
Each granule of Leofertilisers®concentrates the necessary amount of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and trace elements) in perfect synergy with the humic substances of Leofertilisers®.
A range of complex fertilizers with humic acids, patented and manufactured with Standard LEONARDITE. Especially indicated in extensive crops: cereals, fodder, pasture and industrial.
· From 8% Total humic extract.
· Regenerator:
– Edaphic.
– Soil – plant connection.
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Forgatech® Technology ® compensates for the organic matter deficit in soil, providing fully humified organic matter, rich in humic and fulvic acids.
La Tecnología Forgatech® aporta sustancias húmicas estables a largo plazo, capaces de expresar todo su potencial regenerador del suelo.
En las aplicaciones de materia orgánica fresca, el producto aportado no está completamente descompuesto, las sustancias orgánicas son rápidamente consumidas por microorganismos y se mineralizan sin formación de humus. En este rápido proceso de mineralización surge competencia con las plantas por nutrientes como el nitrógeno.
El potencial regenerador de suelo de la Tecnología Forgatech ® se expresa en:
• Incremento de la Capacidad de Retención de Agua.
• Mejora la estructura.
• Aumento de disponibilidad de nutrientes.
FIG. 1 Incremento CRAD tras una aplicación de Leotech®
Fuente: Departamento I+D+i Forgasa®, 2020. Resultados obtenidos en ensayos de Cebada y Maíz.
Incremento de la Capacidad de Retención de Agua
El agua en la superficie de los ácidos húmicos aportados por la Tecnología Forgatech®, esta retenida mediante enlaces por puentes hidrogeno de baja energía, siendo agua fácilmente asimilable por las plantas.
En análisis de suelos fertilizados con una única aplicación de la Tecnología Forgatech®, se observó aumentos de la Capacidad de Retención de Agua Disponible (CRAD) para el cultivo de un 8 % para texturas Francas y un 7 % para texturas Franco Arcillosas.
La estabilidad a largo plazo de la Tecnología Forgatech ®, permite incrementos acumulativos de la CRAD tras sucesivos años de aplicación.
El aumento de la CRAD generado por la Tecnología Forgatech® protege la planta frente a estrés hídrico. Las causas más habituales de éste son:
• Sequía en cultivos de secano.
• Olas de calor que hacen que las necesidades hídricas del cultivo sobrepasen la capacidad del sistema de riego.
• Averías en el riego que dejan sin suministro de agua al cultivo en momentos críticos como la polinización o el llenado del fruto.
El aumento de la CRAD aportado por la Tecnología Forgatech ®, mejora la eficiencia de la fertilización nitrogenada. Los nitratos no reaccionan con la fase solida del suelo, estando en su totalidad disueltos en la solución del suelo, por lo tanto, cualquier cantidad de agua que se pierda por percolación profunda transporta, lejos de la rizosfera, los nitratos aportados al cultivo.
FIG. 2 Disminución del lixiviado del Nitrógeno
FIG. 3 Mejora la circulación de aire y agua
Mejorador de la estructura
La naturaleza coloidal de los ácidos húmicos presentes en la Tecnología Forgatech®, permite la formación de agregados con las partículas de arena, limo y arcilla, confiriendo una estructura granular al suelo, en la que la proporción de macro y microporos está equilibrada, favoreciendo el desarrollo radicular.
Estos macro poros creados favorecen la aireación del suelo y el drenaje del exceso de agua, mejorando la respiración radicular, la germinación de semillas y la sanidad de los órganos subterráneos.
En suelos arcillosos la velocidad de absorción de aire, agua, fertilizantes y calor es baja, dando lugar a suelos anóxicos, escorrentía superficial, pérdida de nutrientes y suelos fríos. Gracias a la Tecnología Forgatech® aumenta los macro poros en suelos arcillosos, aumentando la velocidad de difusión del aire, agua, nutrientes y calor.
Aumentando la fertilidad del suelo.
FIG. 4 Mejora la circulación de aire, agua y nutrientes en suelos arcillosos
FIG. 5 Mejora la retención de aire, agua y nutrientes en suelos arenosos
Los microporos creados disminuyen la pérdida de nutrientes por percolación profunda, aumentando la disponibilidad de agua y nutrientes.
En suelos arenosos (izquierda) el aire, agua, nutrientes y calor se difunden muy rápidamente. El agua se pierde por percolación profunda y los nutrientes por lixiviación arrastrados por el agua. El suelo se calienta muy rápidamente, pero también se enfría muy rápidamente por la circulación de aire; la Tecnología Forgatech® (derecha) aumenta la cantidad de micro poros en los que se retiene agua con nutrientes en disolución, agua que al calentarse tiene un efecto de regulador térmico, disminuyendo las oscilaciones de temperatura.
La Tecnología Forgatech® actúa sobre la densidad aparente de los suelos, reduciéndola en suelos arcillosos y aumentándola en los arenosos.
En arcillas con estructura laminar, como Illitas o Montmorillonitas, los ácidos húmicos de la Tecnología Forgatech® , aumentan la distancia entre laminas disminuyendo el riesgo de compactación y la formación de costras superficiales. En suelos arenosos aumenta su cohesión.
FIG. 6 Disminución de la densidad aparente en arcillas laminares
FIG. 7 Eficiencia de uso media de los fertilizantes
Aumento de la disponibilidad de nutrientes
La Tecnología Forgatech® mejora la eficiencia de uso de los nutrientes mediante dos procesos; aumento de la capacidad de retención de nutrientes del suelo y mantenimiento de estos en sus formas asimilables.
Los ácidos húmicos presentes en la Tecnología Forgatech® aumentan la Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico del Complejo Arcillo-Húmico. Los cationes nutritivos, fijados a las cargas negativas de la superficie del Complejo Arcillo-Húmico quedan retenidos y disponibles para las plantas.
Se define como CIC efectiva del suelo, la CIC una vez descontadas las posiciones de cambio ocupadas por H+ y Al3+. Que no son cationes nutritivos.
En ensayos agronómicos realizados por el Departamento de I+D+i de Forgasa® , la utilización de la Tecnología Forgatech® incrementa la CIC efectiva del suelo en un 4 % tras una única aplicación en abonado de fondo en toda la superficie. En aplicaciones localizadas en línea esta mejora puede estar entre el 12 – 24 %.
FIG. 8 Aumento de la CIC
FIG. 9 Retrogradación y solubilización de Fósforo
Las sustancias húmicas presentes en la Tecnología Forgatech ® forman quelatos con Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mo y Co aumentando la disponibilidad de estos oligoelementos.
Entre el 75 – 85 % del fósforo aplicado en la fertilización, se retrograda en formas no disponibles para las plantas. En suelos básicos el fósforo precipita en forma de fosfato tricálcico y en suelos ácidos en forma de fosfatos de hierro y aluminio.
Forgatech ® forma quelatos de hierro y aluminio en suelos ácidos y humatos de calcio en suelos básicos, que evitan la retrogradación del fósforo, aumentando la fertilidad fosfatada del suelo.
En suelos ácidos la tecnología Forgatech® forma quelatos de Fe y Al, liberando estos cationes del complejo de cambio y mejorando la capacidad del suelo para aumentar su pH cuando se emplean enmiendas cálcicas. A la vez que se solubiliza el fósforo retrogradado.
En suelos básicos, la tecnología Forgatech® forma humatos cálcicos aumentando la eficiencia de uso del fósforo al evitar su retrogradación.
FIG. 1 Root development of the Forgatech soil-plant regenerator
Activator and protector of the rhizosphere.
The humic substances present in the Forgatech® soil-plant regenerator technology ®act as auxin and cytokinin precursors, stimulating the activity of the root system.
Humic substances with a lower specific weight have an auxin effect, stimulating the emission of new roots, and those with a higher specific weight have a cytokinin effect, increasing their development. In studies carried out, the length of the roots of wheat tested increased between 200 – 400%.
In legumes, the humic substances in Forgatech® Technology increase the formation of rhizobia. Increases of 24% have been observed in the production of soybeans treated with humic substances.
The peptide groups of the humic substances present in Forgatech® Technology interact with the lipid structure of the cell membrane, creating a film around it; this protects it from toxic substances, pests and diseases, while acidifying the environment that surrounds the root, with the consequent increase in the availability of nutritive cations (K+, Ca2+, NH4+, Mg2+, for example).
Improves resistance to abiotic stresses.
Improves resistance to abiotic stresses.
The humic substances present in Forgatech® Technology reduce cytoplasmic membrane losses due to water and saline stress through two mechanisms of action.
They reduce free radicals, increasing the antioxidant enzymes that inactivate them. Free radicals are produced as a by-product of oxygen metabolism in stress situations, damaging cell structures, protein structure, DNA and lipids in a situation known as Oxidative Stress.
They increase the amount of Proline., an amino acid used as an osmolyte against water stress. Proline can be in high concentrations inside the cell without damaging enzymes essential for metabolic processes.
Available iron optimiser.
For iron to be assimilated by plant cells, the Fe3+ ion present in the soil solution must be reduced to Fe2+, which will later be oxidised back to Fe3+ inside the cell, for its subsequent transport by the plant.
Forgatech® Technology promotes the synthesis of the enzyme ferric chelate reductase, which reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+. This effect occurs both on the free ions in the soil solution and the chelated ions.
The increase in iron assimilated by the plant is used for numerous functions, among which is the synthesis of chlorophyll, essential for the synthesis of sugars in photosynthesis, reducing iron chlorosis in soils and crops sensitive to it.
FIG. 2 Reducción de Fe 3+ a Fe2+